Domenic albano and pashua trial#

The rise to power in Egypt in 1805 by Muhammad Ali, an Albanian military commander, effectively established Egypt as a de facto independent state, however, it still owed technical fealty to the Ottoman Sultan.

It was through this custom that the title ( Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: ) came to be used in Egypt, which was conquered by the Ottomans in 1517. Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work Turkish Life in Town and Country that it was the sole 'Turkish title which carries with it any definite rank and precedence'. Within the Ottoman Empire, the Sultan had the right to bestow the title of Pasha. Role in Ottoman and Egyptian political system Due to the Ottoman presence in the Arab world, the title became used frequently in Arabic, though pronounced basha due to the absence of the /p/ sound in Arabic.

The English forms bashaw, bassaw, bucha, etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval Latin and Italian word bassa. Īs first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with the initial 'b'. Some earlier Turkish lexicographers, such as Ahmed Vefik Paşa and Mehmed Salahi, argued it was most likely derived from Turkish başa or Turkish beşe, the latter meaning 'elder brother' and being a title given to some Ottoman provincial officials and janissaries. According to etymologist Sevan Nişanyan, the word is derived from Turkish beşe ( بچّه, 'boy, prince'), which is cognate with Persian bačče ( بچّه). Some theories have posited a Turkish or Turkic origin of the word, claiming it derived from başağa ( bāş āghā), which denoted a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince’s elder son' in the pre-Ottoman period. Jean Deny also attributed its origin to padishah, while repeating a suggestion by Gerhard Doerfer that it was influenced by Turkic baskak ( bāsqāq), meaning 'agent, tax collector'. The same view is held by Nicholas Ostler, who mentions that the word was formed as a shortening of the Persian word padishah. Bacharach, the word is 'more than likely derived from the Persian Padishah' ( پادشاه). According to Oxford Dictionaries, the Turkish word from which it was borrowed was formed as a result of the combination of the Pahlavi words pati- 'lord', and shah ( 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠). Īccording to Online Etymology Dictionary, the Turkish pasha or basha was itself from Turkish baş / bash ( باش, 'head, chief'), itself from Old Persian pati- ('master', from Proto-Indo-European * poti) and the root of the Persian word shah, شاه. Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled başa still in the 15th century. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some Anatolian Turkish rulers of the same era. Contrary to titles like emir ( amīr) and bey ( beg), which were established in usage much earlier, the title pasha came into Ottoman usage right after the reign of the Osman I (d. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. The Oxford Dictionaries attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The English word 'pasha' comes from Turkish pasha ( pāşā also basha ( bāşā)). The title was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.

As an honorary title, Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is similar to a British peerage or knighthood, and was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt. Pasha ( Ottoman Turkish: پاشا Turkish: paşa Arabic: باشا, romanized: basha) was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others. Monte dei Paschi’s former chairman Giuseppe Mussari, one of five former executives from the Tuscan bank on trial, was given the heaviest sentence of seven years and six months in jail.'Paşa' redirects here. Some of the Monte Paschi former executives convicted on Friday have been acquitted by higher courts in related trials.

Domenic albano and pashua trial#

In the Monte Paschi trial all defendants have always denied wrongdoing and none of them will serve time in jail before the lengthy appeals process is exhausted.įirst trial jail sentences in Italy can be significantly reduced or completely overturned in the appeals process. In 2017, four former managers of Spanish savings bank Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo, and former International Monetary Fund chief Rodrigo Rato were jailed by Spain’s High Court in similar corruption cases related to the financial crisis. While few executives from major global banks have faced criminal charges for their roles in the financial crisis, there have been several convictions of senior bankers at smaller European lenders.